Abstract

This chapter provides an exploration of the anatomy of the female pelvic floor, highlighting its functional components. The functional anatomy focuses on the interplay between muscles, ligaments, fascia, and pelvic viscera, essential for continence and stability. Key sections examine the bony pelvis, pelvic diaphragm, fascia, and ligaments, emphasizing their roles in pelvic support. The perineum and its central component, the perineal body, are discussed as pivotal in maintaining vaginal and rectal integrity. Delancey’s three-level support theory is introduced to contextualize pelvic organ prolapse (POP), outlining defects that lead to clinical presentations and guiding surgical interventions. The chapter underscores the significance of understanding pelvic floor anatomy for diagnosing POP and tailoring effective repairs, thereby bridging anatomical knowledge with clinical application for optimal patient outcomes.